Pump Pre-Workout

L-Citrulline is an amino acid that enhances physical endurance due to its role in the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO). [1]

When nitric oxide production increases, blood flow improves, allowing nutrients and oxygen to replenish muscle tissue more efficiently. This translates to greater muscle pumps and heightened energy levels.

Numerous studies have demonstrated the performance-enhancing effects of L-citrulline such enhancing strength, muscle power output, anaerobic and aerobic capacity. [2, 3, 4]

Additionally, studies indicate that L-Citrulline reduces muscle soreness and enhances immune responses during the post-exercise period, supporting recovery from physical training [5].

NO3-T® provides arginine-bonded nitrate that serves a dual function as a nitrate donor and substrate for nitric oxide synthase. Ingested nitrate provides a complementary mechanism to form nitric oxide when the L-Arginine → L-Citrulline pathway is suppressed [6]. Thus, a balance of arginine and nitrate ensures stable, lasting nitric oxide production.

Betaine, also known as trimethylglycine, plays a role in various physiological processes, primarily as an osmolyte (helping cells maintain fluid balance) and a methyl donor (assisting in biochemical reactions). Betaine supplementation has shown promise in improving muscle endurance and enhancing strength and power in trained individuals [7, 8, 9].

While the mechanisms are not fully understood, Betaine supplementation may promote athletic performance through regulating cellular hydration, supporting creatine biosynthesis and playing a role in ATP (energy) production. [10]

Setria® is a reduced form of L-glutathione that works to augment nitric oxide production and attenuate oxidative stress, thereby encouraging healthy blood flow and vascular function [10].

Folate has been shown to improve the coupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), so more arginine gets converted to nitric oxide [11]. 

As such, BioFolate® augments the vasodilating effects of L-citrulline and arginine nitrate.

As a crucial water-soluble antioxidant, vitamin C plays many important roles throughout the immune, nervous, and cardiovascular systems. Recent studies have also shown that the antioxidant and acid-forming properties of vitamin C promote the gastrointestinal absorption of nitrates and conversion of nitrite to nitric oxide, making it synergistic with NO3-T® [12, 13].

Increasing tyrosine uptake may positively influence neurotransmitter-related psychological functioning. Research shows that supplementing with L-tyrosine can significantly enhance cognitive performance, especially under acutely stressful situations (such as intense training)  [14]. 

L-Tyrosine has also been shown to improve “cognitive flexibility,” meaning it can help you adapt to dynamic cognitive demands without letting extraneous thoughts undermine your focus [15].

Astragin™ is a water-soluble extract of Panax notoginseng and Astragalus membranaceus, two promising adaptogenic herbs with longstanding medicinal use [16]. The constituents in these plants are suggested to selectively increase the absorption of molecules, such as amino acids, by enhancing intestinal permeability [17]. 

In other words, Astragin™ helps your body absorb the other ingredients in this formula, making the overall formula more effective.